Balkan Coffee Culture: A Caffeine Lover’s Guide

Balkans is a region reputed for its rich history, culture, and traditions. It has a deeply entrenched coffee culture that is considered as a staple from the busy streets of Sarajevo to the serene towns of Croatia. Coffee for the local in this area is more than just a drink, rather it is a social ritual. A cup of coffee represents hospitality and is a part of their everyday traditions.

HISTORICAL ROOTS OF BALKAN COFFEE CULTURE

The history of coffee for the Balkans dates back to the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman rule lasted in the region from 14^th to the early 20^th century. Coffeehouses, also known as ‘kafanas’ were considered the ‘core’ of social life. People gathered under one roof to have a talk about politics and different topics. Moreover, the locals also spent their leisure time in kafanas to enjoy good music.

For the Balkans the concept of coffee extends beyond just a ‘beverage.’ Rather, it is a tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation. Coffee was first introduced to the Balkans in the 16^th century. With passing time, every region developed its own coffee customs and traditions in accordance to the rituals of the area. However, the present-day coffee preparations still have traces of the Ottoman influence particularly in Turkey, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Diving into the coffee preparation – A regional exploration

• Bulgarian coffee – All about innovation and modernity

Bulgarian coffee is based on the modern trends. But what makes it among the most special recipes is the hint of traditional practices that are still evident. Although the Turkish coffee is still popular and preferred specifically by the older Bulgarians. Among the younger generation, espresso-based drinks are much more famous.

Bulgaria has a lot of variation in points where the coffee is usually enjoyed. From the classical kafanas, to present-time coffee shops.

• Turkish coffee – The Ottoman legacy

Turkish coffee is known as ‘kahva.’ It remains as the keystone of coffee culture in the region. Made by preparing ground coffee beans, sugar and water, what makes the coffee stand-out is the brewing. This coffee is brewed in a pot commonly called ‘cezve.’ The technique involves leaving the coffee over the stove on a low-flame to heat. This method enables the grounds to settle at the bottom of the pot ultimately creating a thick coffee with an exclusive taste.

Other than this, a fildžan, which is a small cup, is used for the measurements of coffee and water. The fildžan ensures that both are put in the right proportions, as measurements ultimately influence the taste. To create a frothy layer on the top, the coffee is simmered. This layer indicates that the coffee is ready to be served.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the technique of coffee preparation is quite similar to the Turkish coffee. It is called ‘Bosanka kafa’ in the area. In addition to this, Bosnians have a distinctive way of serving the coffee i.e. with a glass of water and a piece of sugar, known as ‘kocka.’ The glass of water is served to ensure that the palate is cleansed before and after the actual coffee consumption.

• Greek coffee – All about the taste of Mediterranean

In Greece, coffee is known as ‘ellinikos kafes.’ The Greeks prefer a slightly coarser grind. They take pride in serving the coffee with a glass of cold water and a sweet delight, most commonly the ‘loukoumi.’

For the Greeks, coffee is an integral component of everyday life. The Kafenio (coffeehouse) is considered as a central point where people from all age groups gather to play backgammon, share conversations and drink coffee together. From big, bustling cities to small and quiet villages, coffee is one thing that connects the people of Greece.

• Serbian coffee – A mix of different traditions

Although Serbian coffee is again a reflection of the Turkish coffee, it has some unique twists. The Serbs prepare their ‘kafa’ by adding a spoon of sugar during the brewing process as they enjoy their coffee sweet.

In Serbia, coffee is a way of connecting and socializing for people. Friends and families gather together, indulge in hours long conversations as they enjoy their cup of coffee.

The social significance of coffee in the Balkans

Coffee is considered as the ‘social glue’ by the Balkans. The act of sharing coffee is considered as a symbolism of goodwill.

• The ritual of coffee drinking

Serving coffee for the Balkans is a sign of respect and hospitality. The process of making coffee, paying attention to the meticulous detailing is considered as a hosts’ regard for their guests.

• Coffeehouses – A space to socialize

In kafanas, you will find all sorts of people, some discussing the politics, some playing games like chess, and some just relaxing or enjoying the live music. The atmosphere fosters a sense of community which is heartwarming to observe.

• Coffee and celebrations

Coffees are also considered integral for celebrations. Be it a religious festival, a wedding or a family get-together, coffee is always present. In addition to this, using coffee reading is also a popular practice and source of entertainment.